REPASO GRAMÁTICA

TIEMPOS VERBALES, ESTILO INDIRECTO Y PASIVA

A.      Write questions for the following answers:
a)My older brother often shouts at John and me.
b)It took us three hours to reach the top of the mountain.
c)We are going to have fish and chips for supper tonight.
d)We've been friends since we were children.
e)They started learning English ten years ago.

B.   Fill the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
a) Dan seldom (listen) ................................... to the radio.
b) The pupils (take) ............................. the English test right now.
c) Now I (realise) ................................... that I made a mistake.
d) (Andy‑have) ................................... a birthday party last week?
e) If you go out without a jacket, you (catch) ............................... a cold.

C.   Put the following into reported speech.
a)"When are you planning to come to Darlington?”
b)'Where will you be tomorrow?”
c)"I don't think you should go to England in the winter.”
d)"Did any of you see the accident happen?"
e)"It isn't so foggy today as it was yesterday."

D. Write the following sentences in the passive.
a)The crowd shouted him down.
b)They will have to adopt a different attitude.
c) The burglars had cut an enormous hole in the steel door.
d)Someone switched on a light and opened the door.
e)The author has written a special edition.
f) The manufacturers are giving away an artificial rose with each packet of cereal.
g)They didn't look after the children properly.

CONDICIONALES Y PASIVA

A.      Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning of the original
sentence   (conditionals).
a)      The runner twisted his ankle because he fell.
If.........................................................................
b)      Diana is always late for work because she wakes up late.
If......................................................................................
c)      We didn´t buy the house we wanted because it was too far from the city.
We would...........................................................................................
d)      Brenda doesn´t pass her driving because she´s always so nervous.
If...............................................................................................
e)      We didn´t move to Paris last year and so I didn´t learn French.
If..................................................................................................

B.Passive.  Write the question form of the following sentences.
a)      English is widely spoken in this country.
..................................................................
b)      Food is being eaten right now in this class.
.....................................................................
c)      A woman will be elected president in our next elections.
........................................................................
d)      The  three houses have been painted this week.
.........................................................................


C.Write sentences a),b),c),d)  in the active voice.
    a)..........................................................................
    b)..........................................................................
    c)..........................................................................
    d)..........................................................................


D. Connectors. Choose the correct answer.
a)      .........................being over 70 years old, she leads a very active life.
Although        In spite of    Even though
b)      This is a wonderful museum for children. .................................having wonderful
exhibits, they allow the children to touch everything.
On the contrary      Whereas         Besides
c)      Spain exports olives and wine................................cars.
in addition      as well as      such as
d)      .........................Mary, no one from our class turned up  at the meeting.
Moreover    Whereas           Apart from
e)      We read all the reports............................we could decide what to do.
in order to            because of       so that
f)   I won´t forgive you ...............................your apology.
in spite of        nevertheless         however


MODALES Y MODALES PERFECTOS

A.      Complete the sentences with the correct form of CAN, COULD  or BE ABLE  TO. If it is possible to use CAN/COULD or BE ABLE, use CAN/COULD.

1. He is very fit for his age. He .........................(run) really fast.
2. I´d like....................................(work) with you one day.
3. He ......................................(not climb) up to the top;he was too scared.
4. If they hadn´t  phoned for an ambulance, he...............................................(die)
5. I love.......................................(spend) all morning in bed at the weekends.
6. I ..........................................(not understand) what he says: he speaks too quickly.

B.   Put these sentences into the past, using the perfect infinitive.
1.      You shouldn´t say that. .................................................................
2.      They might not go. ........................................................................
3.      She couldn´t know.  ......................................................................
4.      The machine ought to work. ..........................................................
5.      They can´t leave ............................................................................
6.      We ought to stop them. .................................................................
7.      Should I tell the teacher? ...............................................................
8.      Could they help me? .....................................................................
9.      Ought I to stay? ............................................................................
10.  He can´t be there ...........................................................................
11.  They might not like it ......................................................................
12.  He may agree ................................................................................
13.  Couldn´t John drive the car? ...........................................................
14.  Shouldn´t he  check the information? .............................................


C.   Put COULD, MUST, SHOULD, MIGHT, or CAN´T in the past tense in the spaces provided.  Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
1.      How did you know about the wedding? Someone ............................................. (tell) you!
2.      The money was on the desk: I .......................................(take) it, but I didn´t.
3.      I know you were angry, but you.............................................(not be) so rude.
4.      I don´t know who sent these flowers; it ...........................................(be) Jane.
5.      She ......................................(not move) abroad – she hates foreign countriues.
6.      .......................................(you not be) just a little more polite?
7.      They ..............................................(not know) about the plans for the new factory – it´s not possible.
8.      I think you ............................................(tell) your parents you were going to be late.  They were very worried.
9.      They ............................................(not get) into the house through a window. they were all closed.
10.  They .............................................( not leave) without being seen by anybody.
11.  I .................................................(go) for a swim if I´d wanted to.
12.  You .........................................(apologise) for being late.
13.  We don´t know who took the money.  The office was full of people and it ................................(be) any of them.
14.  I ............................................(not say) such a terrible thing.
15.  I ............................................(not leave) my keys at home – I´m sure they were in my pocket.
16.  He ...........................................(warn) us that he was going to leave his job.
17. She tried to contact me, but the phone ................................................(be) engaged.


REPASO TIEMPOS VERBALES EN GENERAL

A)     Write the verbs in the correct tense: Present Simple/Cont., Past Simple/Cont
Present Perfect (Simple/Continuous), Past Perfect (Simple/Continuous).
1.      I closed the door quietly because he(try)...................................to sleep.
2.      How many times(she-call)....................................since he came to N.Y.?
3.      The children are filthy. Where (they-be)...............................................?
4.      I´m going to bed. I(work)..........................................for hours and I am tired.
5.      Mary was cleaning the windscreen when she (notice)................................ a crack in the glass.
6.      I couldn´t open the office door because someone (lock)................................it.
7.      I agree: I (not think)......................................you should apologize.
8.      When I phoned her she(do).........................................her homework.
9.      When I shouted they (jump)...............................off the roof and (run)..................away.
10.  Don´t phone her just now. She (talk).........................................to her boss.
11.  Oh! You (have).....................................a shave! You look strange without a beard.
12.  Sorry, I (not understand)........................................... Could you say that again, please?
13.  There was nobody at the office.  Mr. Brownlow (tell).................................... the staff to go home.
14.  How many times (you see)................................................him since he went to Edinburgh?
15. They are very angry. They (try)..............................................to see you for the last two or three hours.
16     I had a pleasant surprise when I got to my room: someone (put).....................................some flowers there for me.
17. Don´t make a noise: the children   (try).............................................to sleep.
18. We (sit).............................................in the sunshine for about twenty-five minutes when I suddenly felt sick.
19.He´ll be ready in a moment. He (clean).....................................his shoes.
20. It´s the most comfortable car I (ever-drive).....................................................

B) Write questions for the following answers:
1.      It´s sunny but very windy.
................................................................................................
2.      The train always arrives at 10.30
................................................................................................
3.      Melanie and John were going to interview a famous actor in Miami.
......................................................................................................
4.      It took them three hours to get there.
......................................................................................................
5.      She´s had that book since she was at school.
........................................................................................................


RELATIVOS

A.      Defining relative clauses (Oraciones de relativo especificativas) WHO, WHICH, THAT

Cuando hablamos de personas o cosas, es frecuente que sea necesario añadir más información sobre ellas o necesitemos “definirlas”.  Para  hacer esto empleamos las oraciones de relativo.
The man is coming to tea.    ¿Qué hombre?
The man wrote this poem.
The man who (that) wrote this poem is coming to tea.
(El hombre que escribió ese poema va a venir a tomar el té)
This is my new  car.
The car cost me $15,000.
This is the new car which (that) cost me $15,000.
(Este es el  nuevo coche que me costó  15,000 dólares.)
En los dos ejemplos  who  y which actúan como sujeto del verbo en la oración de relativo.

Omisión de WHO/WHICH cuando actúan como objeto en la oración de relativo.
Las llamamos en inglés CONTACT CLAUSES.
The man is coming to tea.
You want to see the man.
The man who/that you want to see is coming to tea.
The man you want to see is coming to tea.
(El hombre que tu quieres ver va a venir a tomar el té).  Si no se desea omitir es preferible usar that.
The man that you want to see is coming to tea.
The book is on the table.
You want to read the book.
The book which/that you want to read is on the table.
The book you want to read is on the table.
(El libro que quieres leer está sobre la mesa)  Si no se desea omitir es preferible usar that.
The book that you want to read is on the table.

B.     Oraciones de relativo con preposiciones.
Cuando las oraciones de relativo contienen preposiciones es posible emplear tanto
who como that para personas cuando jla preposición se coloca al final de la frase.
Sin embargo, cuando la preposición va delante del pronombre relativo, debemos
usar whom para personas.  No se puede poner  that  después de preposición.
The police found the man.
The police had been searching for the man.
The  police found the man who/that  they had been searching for.
The police found the man for whom they had been searching.
Se puede también omitir el relativo y dejar la preposición al final “Contact clause”
The police found the man they had been searching  for.
(La policía encontró al hombre que estaban buscando)
Igual ocurre en las oraciones de relativo que se refieren a cosas.
The company  is very successful.
He works for the company.
The company that/which he works for is very successful.
The company  for which   he works is very successful.
“Contact clause”  The company he works for is very successful.
(La compañía para la que el trabaja tiene mucho éxito)

C.     WHOSE se usa para la posesión (cuyo,a,os,as).  Suele sustituir a my, her,
John´s, etc.
This is the girl.
Her sister lives near us.
This is the girl whose sister lives near us.
(Esta es la chica cuya hermana vive cerca de nosotros)
The man is coming to tea.
I always forget his name.
The man whose name I always forget is coming to tea.
(El hombre cuyo nombre yo siempre olvido va a venir a tomar el té)
D.     –ing and –ed clauses.  Oraciones que comienzan con –ing  y  -ed.
Las oraciones que comienzan con –ing  se usan para decir lo que alguien (o algo)
está haciendo o estaba haciendo en un momento concreto.
Do you know the woman talking to Tom? (who is talking to Tom)
(¿Conoces a la mujer que está hablando con Tom?
Cuando se está hablando de cosas ( y algunas veces de personas) se puede
usar una oración qe comience con –ing  para características permanentes.
I live in a pleasant room overlooking the garden. (which overlooks the garden)
Vivo en una agradable habitación que da al jardín.
Las oraciones en –ed  tienen un significado pasivo.
The man injured in the accident  was taken to hospital. (who was injured in the accident)
El hombre herido en el accidente fue llevado al hospital.

A.      Lea las dos oraciones y luego escriba una oración con el mismo significado. Haga
una “contact clause” dónde sea posible.
1. The street is very wide.  The street leads  to the school.
2. The person is not very clever.  The person is sitting next to me.
3. The music is  a  Strauss waltz.  The orchestra is playing the music.
4. The doctor is famous. She visited the doctor.